User manual SHARP PWE550

[. . . ] MODEL The New Oxford American Dictionary Oxford American Thesaurus of Current English Garner's Modern American Usage PW-E550 ELECTRONIC DICTIONARY OPERATION MANUAL Page · Getting Started . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 · Using the New Oxford American Dictionary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 · Using the Oxford American Thesaurus of Current English . . . . 18 · Using Garner's Modern American Usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [. . . ] The approach to structuring and organizing within individual dictionary entries has been rethought, as has the approach to the selection and presentation of information in every aspect of the dictionary: definitions, choice of examples, grammar, word histories, and every other category. New approaches have been adopted in response to a reappraisal of the workings of language in general and its relationship to the presentation of information in a dictionary in particular. The aim of this introduction is to give the user background information for using this dictionary and to explain some of the thinking behind these new approaches. nose CORE SENSE the part projecting above the mouth on the face of a person or animal, containing the nostrils and used for breathing and smelling. a dog's ability to track something by its scent: a dog with a keen nose. SUBSENSE figurative an instinctive talent for detecting something: he has a nose for a good script. wine. Structure: Core Sense and Subsense The first part of speech is the primary one for that word: thus, for bag and balloon the senses of the noun are given before those for the verb, while for babble and bake the senses of the verb are given before those of the noun. Within each part of speech, the first definition given is the core sense. The general principle on which the senses in the New Oxford American Dictionary are organized is that each word has at least one core meaning, to which a number of subsenses may be attached. If there is more than one core sense (see below), this is introduced by a bold sense number. Core meanings represent typical, central uses of the word in question in modern standard English, as established by research on and analysis of American and World English through corpora (language databanks) and citation databases. The core meaning is the one that represents the most literal sense that the word has in ordinary modern American usage. This is not necessarily the same as the oldest meaning, because word meanings change over time. Nor is it necessarily the most frequent meaning, because figurative senses are sometimes the most frequent. It is the meaning accepted by native speakers as the one that is most established as literal and central. These subsenses are grouped under the core sense, each one being introduced by a solid square symbol. There is a logical relationship between each subsense and the core sense under which it appears. The organization of senses according to this logical relationship is designed to help the user, not only in being able to navigate the entry more easily and find relevant senses more readily, but also in building up an understanding of how senses in the language relate to one another and how the language is constructed on this model. The main types of relationship of core sense to subsense are as follows: 31 (a) figurative extension of the core sense, e. g. , HEADWORD: backbone CORE SENSE: the series of vertebrae extending from the skull to the pelvis; the spine. SUBSENSE: figurative the chief support of a system or organization; the mainstay: EXAMPLE: these firms are the backbone of our industrial sector. SUBSENSE: Economics the desire of purchasers, consumers, clients, employers, etc. , for a particular commodity, service, or other Item: EXAMPLE: a recent slump in demand. (c) other extension or shift in meaning, retaining one or more elements of the core sense, e. g. , HEADWORD: bamboo CORE SENSE: a giant woody grass that grows chiefly in the tropics, where it is widely cultivated. SUBSENSE: the hollow jointed stem of this plant, used as a cane or to make furniture and implements: EXAMPLE: [as adj. ] a bamboo serving tray. HEADWORD: management CORE SENSE: the process of dealing with or controlling things or people: EXAMPLE: the management of elk herds. SUBSENSE: Medicine & Psychiatry the treatment or control of diseases, injuries, or disorders, or the care of patients who suffer from them: EXAMPLE: the use of combination chemotherapy in the management of breast cancer. HEADWORD: bankrupt CORE SENSE: (of a person or organization) declared in law unable to pay outstanding debts: EXAMPLE: EXAMPLE: the company was declared bankrupt. SUBSENSE: figurative completely lacking in a particular quality or value: (b) specialized case of the core sense, e. g. , HEADWORD: zone CORE SENSE: [usu. [. . . ] These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures: ­ Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna. [. . . ]